Vespasian Dupondius 77-78 Lugdunum RIC 1215 Fortuna Vespasien

Rev.: VENERI VICTRICI  S C, Venus, half-nude, standing right, holding the right arm of Mars, standing front, head left, and holding a shield on his left arm.

9.73 g

24.7 mm

A few surviving statuary groups of this type featuring portraits of married aristocrats on the bodies of the Mars and Venus survive from the Antonine period and reflect both the popularity of the motif at the time and the desire of the well to do be portrayed in the guise of deities. This type of group is itself a combination of two famous statue types: the 4th century BC Venus of Capua and the 5th century Ares Borghese.

Rev.: IMPERATOR II  ANCILIA  S C, Two ancilia (Oval shields with rounded projections like shells above and below set upright side by side).

11.67 g

25.3 mm

In ancient Rome, the Ancilia were twelve sacred shields kept in the Temple of Mars. According to legend, one divine shield fell from heaven during the reign of Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome. He ordered eleven copies made to confuse would-be thieves, since the original shield was regarded as one of the pignora imperii (pledges of rule), sacred guarantors that perpetuated Rome as a sovereign entity.

 The shields are identified by their distinct 'figure of eight' shape which is said to be derived from Mycenaean art. As described by Plutarch, the shape of the ancile is a standard shield, neither round or oval, which has curved indentations on both sides.

The Ancilia were kept by the Salii, a body of twelve priests instituted for that purpose by Numa. The Salii wielded them ritually in a procession throughout March. According to Varro, the ancilia may have also made an appearance in the Armilustrium (‘Purification of the Arms’) in October. The Salii were said to beat their shields with staves while performing ritual dances and singing the Carmen Salire. (cf. Wikipedia)